Swaging apparatus.



5 SHHETSSHEET 1.

No. 755,698. PATENTEDMAR. 29, 1904.

- J. S. REED.

SW AGING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED I'EB. 26. 1903.

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No. 755,698. PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904. J. S. REED. SWAGING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 2a. 1903.

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SWAGING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 26. 1903. N0 MODEL.

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PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904.

J. s. REED. SWAGING APPARATUS.

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No. 755,698. PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904;

I J. s. REED.

SWAGING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 26. 1903.

N0 MODEL. 5 SHEETS-SHEET 5. 1

*t /z' fizeajza. 22/021 07? I Patented March 29,- 1904-.

PATENT OFFICE.-

JAMES S. REED, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

SWAGING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent NO. 755,698, dated March29, 1904.

Application filed February 26, 1903. Serial No. 145,218. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAMES S. REED, a resident of Pittsburg, in thecounty of Alleghenyand State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new anduseful Improvement in Swaging Apparatus; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to swaging-machines, and more especially to.machines for swaging tapers on tubes, rods, or other articles.

The object of my invention is to improve machines for this purpose whichhave comparatively long dies with longitudinal working faces byproviding improved means for actuating said dies, so that a moreeflici'ent action of the dies is secured and a wide adjustment thereofprovided.

A further object of my invention is to provide means for feeding theblank-into the dies and for rotating the blank while being acted on bythe dies.

To these ends my invention consists, generally stated, in a. machinehaving compara tively long dies provided with longitudinal working facesand arranged to reciprocate toward and from each other, together with acam shaft or shafts extending parallel to each die and contactingdirectly therewith in order to actuate the same.

The invention also consists in providing means for preventing thecam-shafts from bending or springing outwardly at their central portionsand also in making said camshafts adjustable so as to adapt the machinefor swaging different sizes of tubes or other articles.

The invention also consists in a mechanism which is intermittentlyactuated from a moving part of the machine and pushes the blank into thedies at the time they are open.

The invention also consists ina device which engages the tube and isintermittently rocked to rotate the blank in the dies.

The invention also consists in certain details of construction, such asproviding grooves on thecam-shafts which engage lugs or projections onthe dies, so as to reduce the friction between the cam-shaft and thedies, an adjustable support on which the dies move, and

in other details of'construction hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of myimproved machine. Fig. 2 is a plan View of the same. Fig. 3 is anelevation of the front end thereof. Fig. 4: is an elevation of the rearend thereof, the driving mechanism being removed. Fig, 5 shows the meansfor preventing the camshafts from springing outwardly at their centralportions. Fig. 6 is a detail cross-section through the cam-shafts anddies. Fig. 7 isa face view of one of the dies. Fig. 8 is a detail endview of the means for rotating the blank. Fig. 9 is a plan view of thesame. Fig. 10 is an end view of the driving mechanism. Fig. 11 is a sideview ofthe same, and Fig. 12 shows longitudinal and transverse sectionsof the clutch for giving an intermittent feed to the blank.

The dies of the machine are comparatively long, as shown in Fig. 7 andare each provided with a longitudinal working face 2, which may be ofany suitable contour in cross-section, that shown in the drawings beingsemicylindrical; but obviously it may be semihexagonal, semi-octagonal,or the like or may be semicylindrical on one die and semihexagonal orother shape on the other. This working face will be enlarged at theentrance end, as at 3, in order to provide a bell-mouth to permit theentrance of the tube or any otherblank being swaged. As shown in Fig. 7,the working face tapers from the entrance to the exit end, and this formwill be followed when a tapered tube or rod is to be made; but obviouslythe working facescan be straight, so as to form perfectly straightarticles, or they may be of varyingoutline. In the drawings two dies areshown, each forming a half of the pass; but obviously any other numberof dies may be employed-as, for instance, four, each of which isprovided with a working face forming a quadrant of the pass. Hence I donot wish my invention limited to a pair of dies such as shown, althoughthis is preferable. The dies are mounted so as to have a movement towardand from each other, and preferably each of the dies of the set will bemovable, although this is not absolutely essential, as one thereof maybe stationary and the other alone made movable. 1n the drawings bothdies are shown so mounted as to reciprocate in a horizontal plane towardand from each other. They are moved toward each other by means ofsuitable cam-shafts or rolls 5, four such shafts being shown, twocontacting with each die; but obviously a single shaft for each diewould also serve my purpose. I prefer to use two shafts for each die, asthat gives a more positive and true movement to the dies. These shaftsare mounted in bearings 6 in suitable housings or frames 7 and 8, and inorder to adjust the machine to form articles of different sizes thebearings 6 are adjustable in any suitable way, such as by the screws 9,so that the cam-shafts can be moved inward and outward, as desired. Thisadjusting means also permits the shafts being separated more at one endthan at the other in order to give various tapers to the tube or otherarticle. These cam-shafts may be of various shapes in cross-section,those shown in the drawings being practically eccentric shaftsthat is,the body thereof is eccentric to the journals, as indicated in Fig. 3,so that for each rotation of the shafts a single reciprocation is givento the dies. It is obvious, however, that these shafts may be formedwith more than a single cam-face-such, for instance, as by making therolls ellipticalin which event they would give two reciprocations to thedies for each rotation of the shafts. In the same manner the cam-shaftsmay be made of such cross-sectional shape as to give three or even morereciprocations to the dies for each rotation of said shafts.

In order to facilitate the finishing of the contact-faces between thecam-shafts and the dies and to enable said contact-faces to be made ofaccurate form, I so construct the same that the shafts contact with thedies only at intervals along their lengths. Various arrangements forthis purpose may be employed, and, as shown in Fig. 6, the dies areprovided with radially-projecting blocks or bushes 11, preferably madeof bronze or other metal having little friction and which project intogrooves 12, formed in the cam-shafts.

In swaging long tapered tubes and the like it is necessary to have thedies practically the length of the tapered portion to be formed, andconsquently they will be of considerable length. As the cam-shafts 5must be of a corresponding leng'th, there is liability that they willbend or spring apart at points intermediate their ends. In order tostiflen the same,

Preferably these surfaces will be formed by turning grooves in thebodies of the shafts and'securing bronze or similar blocks 17 to theband 15, which blocks project into the grooves and into contact with theconcentric faces 16. In the drawings I have shown only a single band atthe middle of the length of the shafts 5; but obviously any necessarynumber of such bands may be employed.

In order to adapt the machine to form tapers of various lengths, it isnecessary to have dies of various lengths and cam-shafts correspondingthereto. Consequently the machine is so constructed that the dies andcam-shafts may be removed and replaced by dies and camshafts ofdifferent lengths. To permit this, one of the housings, such as the rearhousing 8, is secured to the base 18, so that it can be moved along thesame. Suitable tie-rods 19 connect the two housings, and these, asshown, are provided with a long threaded extension at their rear ends,so as to permit the application of cam-shafts and dies of differentlengths.

The cam-shafts 5 act to move the dies toward each other to swage downthe tube or other article. Suitable means are provided for opening upthe dies, and in the drawings I have shown springs 20, connected to thedies and to a stationary part of the frame, such. as the tie-rods 19.Obviously, however, various other means might be employed for openingthe dies. These springs will hold the dies constantly in contact withthe cam-shafts; but to further assist in supporting the dies I provide aplate or plates 21 underneath the dies and upon which they rest whilebeing reciprocated. Preferably this supporting-plate will be adjustablevertically in order to accommodatedies of different sizes, and thereforethey are supported on ad justing-screws 22, as shown, these screws beingin turn supported on a bar 23 in the housings 7 and 8 and extendinglongitudinally through the base of the machine.

The cam-shafts 5 are rotated by any suitable mechanism, which must be soarranged that all of the cam-shafts are rotated in exact unison. Asshown in the drawings, the rear ends of the shafts are provided withintermeshing spur-gears 25, and one of said shafts projects beyond theothers, as at 2a, and has connected thereto fast and loose pulleys 26and 27, upon which runs a suitable belt for driving the same. Afly-wheel 28 is also provided on the driving-shaft 24. This shaft mustbe provided with adjustable bearings, so that itcan be moved in unisonwith the inward and outward adjustment of the camshafts 5. An adjustablebearing suitable for this purpose is shown in Fig. 10, the same havingan inclined face 29, upon which moves the bearing 30, so that when saidbearing is moved in one direction the driving-shaft will be moveddownwardly and outwardly, and

when moved in the opposite direction said shaft will be moved inwardlyand upwardly, corresponding to the movement of one of the lowercam-shafts 5 when the latter is adjusted.

Means are provided for feeding the blank into the dies. I have shown forthis purpose a pushing-arm 32, which has at its lower end a suitableseat 33 for engaging the rear end of the tube or other blank 34. Thisarm is moved toward the machine intermittently, so as to push the blankforward only during the time that it is free from the grip of the dies.Various mechanisms for this purpose may be used, that shown in thedrawings comprising a screw-shaft 35, tapped through the arm 32 andprovided with suitable clutch mechanism for driving the sameintermittently. The clutch mechanism shown in the drawings is actuatedfrom a crank 36 on one of the camshafts 5, which is connected by a rod37 to a crank 38 on the oscillating clutch member 39, loosely mounted onthe shaft 35. This oscillating member 39 is provided on its inner facewith ratchet-faces 40, which cooperate with detents 41, mounted in theclutch member 42, also loosely mounted on the shaft 35. The rotation ofthe crank 36 imparts a stepby-step movement to the clutch member 42. Thelatter is adapted to be engaged by a clutch 43, which is splined to theshaft 35 and is provided with a shifting lever 44, to which is connectedan operating-rod 45. On the side of the clutch 43 opposite the clutchmember 42 is a spur-gear 46, provided with a clutchface to be engaged bythe clutch 43, said gear being loosely mounted on the shaft 35 andconnected by an idler 47 with one of the gears 25. When the clutch 43 isin the neutral position, as shown in Fig. 1, the screw-shaft 35 is idle.When said clutch 43 is moved into contact with the clutch member 42, astep-bystep rotary movement will be given to the screwshaft 35, and thismovement is so timed that it moves the arm 32 inwardly or toward themachine during the intervals that the blank is not gripped by the dies,thus feeding the blank into the dies. When the clutch member 43 is movedinto engagement with the gear 46, the screw-shaft 35 will be rotated inthe opposite direction, thus moving the pushingarm 32 outwardly.Suitable means may be provided for connecting the tube to the arm 32, sothat in the outward movement of the latter the swaged article will bepulled out of the dies. A support for the blank is provided at the frontof the machine in line with the dies, and inasmuch as the blank is at agood forging-heat this support is preferably formed of water-tubes 50,as shown, so that a circulation of water can be maintained therethroughto keep them from being destroyed by the hot blank. After each pressureof the swagingdies it is necessary to rotate the blank in order toprevent the formation of fins or other defects thereon. For this purposeI have shown a gripping member 51, which is practically a semicircle andmounted in an arcshaped bearing-block 52, so that said member can berocked in the bearing. This member is provided with a suitablegripping-face for engaging the blank, this gripping-facebeing shown asformed with teeth 53, which preferably slope in one direction. Therocking member 51 is provided with an arm 54,- which is connected by arod 55 to a crank 56 on the forward end of one of the cam-shafts 5, sothat in the rotation of said shafts the member 51 will be rockedalternately in opposite directions. This. movement will be so timed withreference to the dies that the teeth 53 engage the blank during the timethat it is not held by the swagingdies, thus turning said blank. Duringthe movement of the rocking member in the opposite direction the teethslip more easily over the blank, thus not gripping very firmly, and,besides, the blank is held by the swagingdies, so that it will not beagain rotated in the opposite direction.

Suitable means, such as the wedges 57, are

provided for adjusting the bearing-block 52 vertically in order to adaptthe rotating means to the blanks of different sizes.

The operation of my machine is as follows: The arm 32 having been movedto the desired distance outwardly, a hot blank is thrown upon thewater-tubes 50, and its rear end is placed in the seat 33 in thepushing-arm 32, and its forward end is entered into the bell-mouth 3 ofthe dies. The machine is then started and the cam-shafts 5 move the dies2 toward each other, thus compressing the end of the blank between thesame. As soon as the projecting portions of the cam-shafts 5 leave thedies the springs 20 open the dies. During this interval the rockingmember 51 gives apartial rotation to the blank. At the same time theratchet-clutch 39 gives a partial rotation to the screw 35, thus movingthe arm 32 toward the dies and pushing the blank still farther into thedies. On the next inward movement of the dies the blank is furthercompressed and at the neXt opening of the dies the blank is again givena partial rotation and pushed still farther into the dies, and this willcontinue until the entire length of the blank has been shoved into thedies. The clutch 43 is then moved to engage the gear 46, thus rotatingthe screw 35 in the opposite direction and moving the pushingarm 32outwardly, and by suitably connecting the swaged article to said arm itcan be withdrawn from the dies.

My machine is adapted for swaging rods,

tubes, or other articles, and for providing said articles with straightfaces as well as with the tapers shown in the drawings. The camshaftsmove the dies toward each other positively and in atrue position, and assaid shafts contact with the dies at intervals only the friction is verylargely reduced. The machine is practically automatic in its operationand is adjustable, so as to operate on various diameters and lengths ofarticles.

What Iclaim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a plurality of dies providedwith longitudinal working faces and arranged to cooperate with eachother, a cam-shaft bearing for substantially the entire distance betweenits bearings against one of said dies to actuate the same, and mechanismfor rotating said cam-shaft.

2. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a plurality of dies providedwith longitudinal working faces and arranged to cooperate with eachother, a cam-shaft bearing for substantially the entire distance betweenits bearings against each of said dies to actuate the same, andconnecting-gearing for rotating said camshafts.

3. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a pair of dies provided withlongitudinal working faces and arranged to cooperate with each other, apair of cam-shafts bearing against one of said dies to reciprocate thesame, and mechanism for rotating said cam-shafts.

4. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a pair of dies provided withlongitudinal work ing faces and arranged to cooperate with each other, apair of cam-shafts bearing against each die, and connecting-gearing forrotating said cam-shafts.

5. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a pair of dies provided withlongitudinal working faces and arranged to move in a horizontal plane, apair of cam-shafts bearing against each die to reciprocate the same, andsprings arranged to hold said dies against said camshafts.

6. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a plurality of long diesprovided with longitudinal working faces and arranged to cooperate witheach other, a cam-shaft bearing against each die for actuating the same,independent adjustable bearings for each end of said cam-shafts, andmechanism for rotating said cam-shafts.

7. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a pair of long dies providedwith longitudinal working faces, a pair of cam-shafts bearing againsteach die, bearings for said cam-shafts adjustable radially withreference to the axis of the dies, and mechanism for rotating saidcamshafts.

8. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a plurality of dies providedwith longitudinal working faces and arranged to cooperate with eachother, a cam-shaft bearing against one of said dies, said shaft and diebeing so constructed as to contact with each other only at intervalsalong their lengths, and mechanism for rotating said cam-shaft.

9. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a plurality of dies providedwith longitudinal working faces and arranged to cooperate with eachother, a cam-shaft bearing against one of said dies, projections on thedie contacting with the cam-shaft, and means for rotating said camshaft.

10. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a plurality of diesprovided with longitudinal working faces, a cam shaft bearing againsteach die, mechanism for rotating said cam-shafts,and a band surroundingsaid shafts intermediate their ends to prevent them from springingoutwardly.

11. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a pair of dies providedwith longitudinal working faces, a pair of cam-shafts for each die,connecting-gearing for rotating said camshafts in unison, concentricfaces formed on said cam-shafts, and a band or yoke surrounding saidshafts and engaging said concentric faces.

12. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a plurality of diesprovided with longitudinal working faces and arranged to cooperate witheach other, a cam-shaft for each of said dies, mechanism for rotatingsaid cam-shafts, said cam-shafts being each provided with a series ofcam-faces and aconcentric face, projections on the dies engaging saidcam-faces, and a band or yoke surrounding said shafts and engaging saidconcentric faces.

13. In a sWaging-machine, the combination of a plurality of diesprovided with longitudinal working faces and arranged to cooperate witheach other, a cam-shaft bearing against each of said dies for actuatingthe same, and housings in which said shafts are mounted, said housingsbeing so mounted as to be movable toward and from each other in order toaccommodate dies and cam-shafts of various lengths.

14. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a plurality of long diesprovided with longitudinal working faces arranged to cooperate with eachother, a cam-shaft for actuating each of said dies, a pusher for feedinga blank into the die, a screw connected to said pusher, a ratchet-clutchfor intermittently rotating said screw in one direction, mechanism forro' tating said screw in the opposite direction, and means forconnecting either said mechanism or said ratchet-clutch to said screw.

15. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a plurality of diesprovided with longitudinal working faces and arranged to cooperate witheach other, actuating mechanism therefor, a pusher for feeding the blankinto the dies, a screw-shaft engaging said pusher, a gear loose on saidscrew-shaft geared to the die-actuating mechanism, anintermittentlyacting clutch member also loose on said screwshaft andalso connected to the die-actuating mechanism, and a clutch splined tosaid screwshaft and arranged to engage either said gear or saidintermittentlyacting clutch on the screw-shaft.

16. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a plurality of dies,provided With longitudinal Working faces and arranged to cooperate Witheach other, mechanism for actuating the same, intermittently-operatingmechanism for pushing the blank into the dies, a device for gripping theblank, a rocking bearing therefor, and connections between thedie-actuating mechanism and said gripping device for rocking the latter.

17. In a sWaging-machine, the combination of a plurality of diesprovided With longitudinal working faces, a cam-shaft for each of saiddies to actuate the same, intermittentlyoperating mechanism for pushingthe blank into the dies, rocking gripping means for engaging the blankto rotate the same, a crank on one of the cam-shafts, and connectionsfrom the crank to said rocking means for actuating the latter.

18. In a swaging-machine, the combination of a plurality of diesprovided With longitudinal Working faces and arranged to cooperate Witheach other, mechanism for actuating the same, mechanism operated fromthe die-actuating mechanism for rotating the blank, andintermittently-operating mechanism for pushing the blank into the dies.

19. In a sWaging-machine, the combination of a plurality of diesarranged to cooperate, a cam-shaft bearing against each of said dies,pushing mechanism for the blank, an intermittently acting clutchoperated from the cam-shafts for actuating said pushing mechanism, arocking member for engaging the blank to rotate the same, andconnections between one of the cam-shafts and said rocking member toactuate the latter.

In testimony whereof I, the said JAMES S. REED, have hereunto set myhand.

JAMES S. REED.

Witnesses:

F. W. WINTER, ROBERT C. To'rrEN.

